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Python編程深度學(xué)習(xí)繪圖庫之matplotlib

更新時間：2018年12月28日 10:47:49 作者：liumiaocn

今天小編就為大家分享一篇關(guān)于Python編程深度學(xué)習(xí)繪圖庫之matplotlib，小編覺得內(nèi)容挺不錯的，現(xiàn)在分享給大家，具有很好的參考價值，需要的朋友一起跟隨小編來看看吧

matplotlib是python的一個開源的2D繪圖庫，它的原作者是John D. Hunter，因為在設(shè)計上借鑒了matlab，所以成為matplotlib。和Pillow一樣是被廣泛使用的繪圖功能，而在深度學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的部分，matplotlib得寵的多。這篇文章將簡單介紹一下如何安裝以及使用它來畫一些非常常見的統(tǒng)計圖形。

概要信息

注意事項：由于Python2支持到2020年，很多python庫都開始主要支持python3了，matplotlib的主分支也已經(jīng)是python3了。而這篇文章中為了簡單，安裝和demo代碼依然是在python2.7上進行驗證的。

安裝

使用pip install即可直接安裝。安裝日志如下：

liumiaocn:tmp liumiao$ python -mpip install -U pip
Requirement already up-to-date: pip in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (10.0.1)
liumiaocn:tmp liumiao$ 
liumiaocn:tmp liumiao$ python -mpip install -U matplotlib
Collecting matplotlib
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/61/38/d70e8bf77d5cb27d5f3595edd0b3978825063feadd023786d2591e393e6e/matplotlib-2.2.2-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (13.7MB)
  100% |████████████████████████████████| 13.7MB 2.1MB/s 
Collecting pyparsing!=2.0.4,!=2.1.2,!=2.1.6,>=2.0.1 (from matplotlib)
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6a/8a/718fd7d3458f9fab8e67186b00abdd345b639976bc7fb3ae722e1b026a50/pyparsing-2.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (56kB)
  100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 5.8MB/s 
Collecting backports.functools-lru-cache (from matplotlib)
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/03/8e/2424c0e65c4a066e28f539364deee49b6451f8fcd4f718fefa50cc3dcf48/backports.functools_lru_cache-1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting subprocess32 (from matplotlib)
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/60/b50459f291cae6bc1d0ff711b75e5130684fd3949370fdba78f6c57c1903/subprocess32-3.5.2-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.whl
Collecting pytz (from matplotlib)
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/dc/83/15f7833b70d3e067ca91467ca245bae0f6fe56ddc7451aa0dc5606b120f2/pytz-2018.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (510kB)
  100% |████████████████████████████████| 512kB 8.9MB/s 
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: six>=1.10 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from matplotlib) (1.11.0)
Collecting python-dateutil>=2.1 (from matplotlib)
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/cf/f5/af2b09c957ace60dcfac112b669c45c8c97e32f94aa8b56da4c6d1682825/python_dateutil-2.7.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (211kB)
  100% |████████████████████████████████| 215kB 7.2MB/s 
Collecting kiwisolver>=1.0.1 (from matplotlib)
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/79/d8/94633718f3f77dcb638687a77ba199325a1cb158d2d4b00c9dc17f2b5c72/kiwisolver-1.0.1-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (110kB)
  100% |████████████████████████████████| 112kB 5.9MB/s 
Collecting cycler>=0.10 (from matplotlib)
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f7/d2/e07d3ebb2bd7af696440ce7e754c59dd546ffe1bbe732c8ab68b9c834e61/cycler-0.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: numpy>=1.7.1 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from matplotlib) (1.14.5)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: setuptools in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from kiwisolver>=1.0.1->matplotlib) (39.2.0)
Installing collected packages: pyparsing, backports.functools-lru-cache, subprocess32, pytz, python-dateutil, kiwisolver, cycler, matplotlib
Successfully installed backports.functools-lru-cache-1.5 cycler-0.10.0 kiwisolver-1.0.1 matplotlib-2.2.2 pyparsing-2.2.0 python-dateutil-2.7.3 pytz-2018.4 subprocess32-3.5.2
liumiaocn:tmp liumiao$

確認

liumiaocn:~ liumiao$ pip show matplotlib
Name: matplotlib
Version: 2.2.2
Summary: Python plotting package
Home-page: http://matplotlib.org
Author: John D. Hunter, Michael Droettboom
Author-email: matplotlib-users@python.org
License: BSD
Location: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages
Requires: pyparsing, backports.functools-lru-cache, subprocess32, pytz, six, python-dateutil, kiwisolver, cycler, numpy
Required-by: 
liumiaocn:~ liumiao$

使用

正弦函數(shù)

我們使用numpy和matplotlib可以非常簡單地就能夠畫出正弦的波形圖，具體代碼如下：

liumiaocn:plot liumiao$ cat plot-1.py 
#!/usr/local/bin/python
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plot
print("y=sin(x): x with range fo -4pi to 4pi")
x=np.arange(-4*np.pi, 4*np.pi, 0.1)
y=np.sin(x)
#print sin
plot.plot(x,y)
plot.show()
liumiaocn:plot liumiao$

執(zhí)行&結(jié)果確認

liumiaocn:plot liumiao$ python plot-1.py 
y=sin(x): x with range fo -4pi to 4pi

直方圖

最簡單的直方圖的做法，可以通過bar或者hist來創(chuàng)建

liumiaocn:plot liumiao$ cat plot-2.py 
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(7)
y = (10,15,24,7,14,30,20)
plt.bar(x,y)
plt.show()
liumiaocn:plot liumiao$

餅圖

使用pie函數(shù)創(chuàng)建餅圖

liumiaocn:plot liumiao$ cat plot-3.py 
#!/usr/local/bin/python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
dateinf = '06/01', '06/02', '06/03', '06/04', '06/05', '06/06', '06/07'
bugnums = [11,22,7,29,24,15,18]
plt.pie(bugnums, labels=dateinf)
plt.show()
liumiaocn:plot liumiao$