C語言單鏈表實(shí)現(xiàn)方法詳解
更新時間:2018年04月30日 13:37:52 作者:Tom文星
這篇文章主要介紹了C語言單鏈表實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,結(jié)合實(shí)例形式分析了基于C語言的單鏈表定義、創(chuàng)建、添加、刪除、排序、打印等操作技巧,并附帶了相關(guān)的優(yōu)化算法,需要的朋友可以參考下
本文實(shí)例講述了C語言單鏈表實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。分享給大家供大家參考,具體如下:
slist.h
#ifndef __SLIST_H__ #define __SLIST_H__ #include<cstdio> #include<malloc.h> #include<assert.h> typedef int ElemType; typedef struct Node { //定義單鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)信息 ElemType data; //結(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)域 struct Node *next; //結(jié)點(diǎn)的指針域 }Node,*PNode; typedef struct List { //定義單鏈表的鏈表信息 PNode first; //first指向單鏈表中的第一個結(jié)點(diǎn) PNode last; //last指向單鏈表中的最后一個結(jié)點(diǎn) size_t size; //記錄單鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)個數(shù) }List; void InitList(List *list);//初始化單鏈表 void push_back(List *list, ElemType x);//在單鏈表的末尾插入元素 void push_front(List *list, ElemType x);//在單鏈表的頭部插入元素 void show_list(List *list);//打印單鏈表 void pop_back(List *list);//刪除單鏈表的最后一個元素 void pop_front(List *list);//刪除單鏈表的第一個元素 void insert_val(List *list, ElemType val);//將數(shù)據(jù)元素插入到單鏈表中(要求此時單鏈表中的數(shù)據(jù)元素順序排列) Node* find(List *list, ElemType x);//查找單鏈表中數(shù)據(jù)值為x的結(jié)點(diǎn) int length(List *list);//求單鏈表的長度 void delete_val(List *list, ElemType x);//按值刪除單鏈表中的某個數(shù)據(jù)元素 void sort(List *list);//對單鏈表進(jìn)行排序 void reverse(List *list);//逆置單鏈表 void clear(List *list);//清除單鏈表 void destroy(List *list);//摧毀單鏈表 #endif //__SLIST_H__
slist.cpp
#include"slist.h" void InitList(List *list) { list->first = list->last = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); //頭結(jié)點(diǎn) assert(list->first != NULL); list->first->next = NULL; list->size = 0; } void push_back(List *list, ElemType x) { //step 1:創(chuàng)建一個新的結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *s = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); assert(s != NULL); s->data = x; s->next = NULL; //step 2:將新結(jié)點(diǎn)插入單鏈表的表尾 list->last->next = s; list->last = s; //step 3:更新單鏈表的長度 list->size++; } void push_front(List *list, ElemType x) { //step 1:創(chuàng)建一個新的結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *s = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); assert(s != NULL); s->data = x; s->next = NULL; //step 2:將新結(jié)點(diǎn)插入單鏈表的表頭 s->next = list->first->next; list->first->next = s; //step 3:判斷插入的結(jié)點(diǎn)是否是單鏈表的第一個結(jié)點(diǎn),若是更新鏈表的尾指針 if (list->size == 0) list->last = s; //step 4:更新單鏈表的長度 list->size++; } void show_list(List *list) { //step 1:指針p指向單鏈表的第一個結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *p = list->first->next; //step 2:循環(huán)打印結(jié)點(diǎn)的信息 while (p != NULL) { printf("%d->", p->data); p = p->next; } printf("Nul.\n"); } void pop_back(List *list) { //step 1:判斷單鏈表是否為空 if (list->size == 0) return; //step 2:定義指針p使其指向目標(biāo)結(jié)點(diǎn)的前一個結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *p = list->first;//從頭結(jié)點(diǎn)開始 while (p->next != list->last) p = p->next; //step 3:刪除目標(biāo)結(jié)點(diǎn) free(list->last); list->last = p; list->last->next = NULL; //step 4:更新單鏈表的長度 list->size--; } void pop_front(List *list) { //step 1:判斷單鏈表是否為空 if (list->size == 0) return; //step 2:定義指針p使其指向目標(biāo)結(jié)點(diǎn)的前一個結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *p = list->first->next; //step 3:刪除目標(biāo)結(jié)點(diǎn) list->first->next = p->next; free(p); //step 4:判斷刪除的結(jié)點(diǎn)是否是單鏈表的最后一個結(jié)點(diǎn),若是則更新單鏈表的尾指針 if (list->size == 1) list->last = list->first; //step 4:更新單鏈表的長度 list->size--; } void insert_val(List *list, ElemType x) { //step 1:創(chuàng)建一個新的結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *s = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); assert(s != NULL); s->data = x; s->next = NULL; //step 2:定義指針p使其指向待插入位置的前一個結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *p = list->first;//從頭結(jié)點(diǎn)開始 while (p->next != NULL && p->next->data < s->data) p = p->next; //step 3:判斷結(jié)點(diǎn)的待插入位置是否是表尾,若是則更新單鏈表的尾指針 if (p->next == NULL) list->last = s; //step 4:插入結(jié)點(diǎn) s->next = p->next; p->next = s; //step 5:更新單鏈表長度 list->size++; } Node* find(List *list, ElemType x) { //step 1:指針p指向單鏈表的第一個結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *p = list->first->next; //step 2:按照循環(huán)順序查找鏈表結(jié)點(diǎn) while (p != NULL && p->data != x) p = p->next; return p; } int length(List *list) { return list->size; } void delete_val(List *list, ElemType x) { //step 1:判斷單鏈表是否為空 if (list->size == 0) return; //step 2:確定結(jié)點(diǎn)在單鏈表中的位置,并判斷其是否存在于單鏈表中 Node *p = find(list, x); if (p == NULL) { printf("要刪除的數(shù)據(jù)不存在!\n"); return; } //step 3:判斷結(jié)點(diǎn)位置是否是表尾 if (p == list->last)//是表尾 pop_back(list); else {//不是表尾 Node *q = p->next; p->data = q->data; p->next = q->next; free(q); list->size--; } } void sort(List *list) { //step 1:判斷單鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)是否為0或1 if (list->size == 0 || list->size == 1) return; //step 2:將單鏈表中第一個結(jié)點(diǎn)之后的鏈表部分截出,方便重新按順序插入鏈表之中 Node *s = list->first->next; // 指針s指向單鏈表的第一個節(jié)點(diǎn) Node *p = s->next;//q指向s后面的結(jié)點(diǎn) list->last = s;//單鏈表的尾指針指向單鏈表的第一個結(jié)點(diǎn) list->last->next = NULL;//截斷鏈表 //step 3:將截出的鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)根據(jù)其數(shù)據(jù)域大小重新插入到原來鏈表中 while (p != NULL) { s = p; p = p->next; Node *q = list->first; while (q->next != NULL && q->next->data < s->data) q = q->next; if (q->next == NULL)//判斷q此時指向的是否是單鏈表的最后一個結(jié)點(diǎn),若是則更新鏈表的尾指針 list->last = s; //將結(jié)點(diǎn)重新插入鏈表 s->next = q->next; q->next = s; } } void reverse(List *list) { //step 1:判斷單鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)是否為0或1 if (list->size == 0 || list->size == 1) return; //step 2:將單鏈表中第一個結(jié)點(diǎn)之后的鏈表部分截出,然后將截出的鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)按頭插法重新插入到原鏈表中 Node *p = list->first->next; Node *q = p->next; list->last = p; list->last->next = NULL; while (q != NULL) { p = q; q = q->next; p->next = list->first->next; list->first->next = p; } } void clear(List *list) { //step 1:判斷單鏈表是否為空 if (list->size == 0) return; //step 2:釋放單鏈表中的每一個結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *p = list->first->next; while (p != NULL) { list->first->next = p->next; free(p); p = list->first->next; } //step 3:頭指針和尾指針重新都指向頭結(jié)點(diǎn) list->last = list->first; //step 4:更新鏈表長度 list->size = 0; } void destroy(List *list) { //step 1:清空單鏈表 clear(list); //step 2:釋放頭結(jié)點(diǎn) free(list->first); //step 3:頭指針和尾指針都賦值為空 list->first = list->last = NULL; }
main.cpp
#include"slist.h" void main() { List mylist; InitList(&mylist); ElemType item; Node *p = NULL; int select = 1; while (select) { printf("*******************************************\n"); printf("*[1] push_back [2] push_front *\n"); printf("*[3] show_list [4] pop_back *\n"); printf("*[5] pop_front [6] insert_val *\n"); printf("*[7] find [8] length *\n"); printf("*[9] delete_val [10] sort *\n"); printf("*[11] reverse [12] clear *\n"); printf("*[13*] destroy [0] quit_system *\n"); printf("*******************************************\n"); printf("請選擇:>>"); scanf("%d", &select); if (select == 0) break; switch (select) { case 1: printf("請輸入要插入的數(shù)據(jù)(-1結(jié)束):>"); while (scanf("%d", &item), item != -1) { push_back(&mylist, item); } break; case 2: printf("請輸入要插入的數(shù)據(jù)(-1結(jié)束):>"); while (scanf("%d", &item), item != -1) { push_front(&mylist, item); } break; case 3: show_list(&mylist); break; case 4: pop_back(&mylist); break; case 5: pop_front(&mylist); break; case 6: printf("請輸入要插入的數(shù)據(jù):>"); scanf("%d", &item); insert_val(&mylist, item); break; case 7: printf("請輸入要查找的數(shù)據(jù):>"); scanf("%d", &item); p = find(&mylist, item); if (p == NULL) printf("要查找的數(shù)據(jù)在單鏈表中不存在!\n"); break; case 8: printf("單鏈表的長度為%d\n", length(&mylist)); break; case 9: printf("請輸入要刪除的值:>"); scanf("%d", &item); delete_val(&mylist, item); break; case 10: sort(&mylist); break; case 11: reverse(&mylist); break; case 12: clear(&mylist); break; //case 13: //destroy(&mylist); //break; default: printf("選擇錯誤,請重新選擇!\n"); break; } } destroy(&mylist); //程序結(jié)束,摧毀鏈表 }
附:單鏈表優(yōu)化版本
slist.h
#ifndef __SLIST_H__ #define __SLIST_H__ #include<cstdio> #include<malloc.h> #include<assert.h> typedef int ElemType; typedef struct Node { //定義單鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)信息 ElemType data; //結(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)域 struct Node *next; //結(jié)點(diǎn)的指針域 }Node,*PNode; typedef struct List { //定義單鏈表的鏈表信息 PNode first; //first指向單鏈表中的第一個結(jié)點(diǎn) PNode last; //last指向單鏈表中的最后一個結(jié)點(diǎn) size_t size; //記錄單鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)個數(shù) }List; void InitList(List *list);//初始化單鏈表 void push_back(List *list, ElemType x);//在單鏈表的末尾插入元素 void push_front(List *list, ElemType x);//在單鏈表的頭部插入元素 void show_list(List *list);//打印單鏈表 void pop_back(List *list);//刪除單鏈表的最后一個元素 void pop_front(List *list);//刪除單鏈表的第一個元素 void insert_val(List *list, ElemType val);//將數(shù)據(jù)元素插入到單鏈表中(要求此時單鏈表中的數(shù)據(jù)元素順序排列) Node* find(List *list, ElemType x);//查找單鏈表中數(shù)據(jù)值為x的結(jié)點(diǎn) int length(List *list);//求單鏈表的長度 void delete_val(List *list, ElemType x);//按值刪除單鏈表中的某個數(shù)據(jù)元素 void sort(List *list);//對單鏈表進(jìn)行排序 void reverse(List *list);//逆置單鏈表 void clear(List *list);//清除單鏈表 void destroy(List *list);//摧毀單鏈表 //代碼優(yōu)化 Node* CreateNode(ElemType x); //創(chuàng)建一個單鏈表結(jié)點(diǎn) Node* begin(List *list); //返回單鏈表的第一個結(jié)點(diǎn) Node* end(List *list); //返回單鏈表中最后一個結(jié)點(diǎn)的下一個結(jié)點(diǎn) void insert(List *list, Node *pos, ElemType x); //在單鏈表的特定位置(pos)插入新的結(jié)點(diǎn) #endif //__SLIST_H__
slist.cpp
#include"slist.h" void InitList(List *list) { list->first = list->last = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); //頭結(jié)點(diǎn) assert(list->first != NULL); list->first->next = NULL; list->size = 0; } //push_back的優(yōu)化 void push_back(List *list, ElemType x) { insert(list, end(list), x); } //push_front的優(yōu)化 void push_front(List *list, ElemType x) { insert(list, begin(list), x); } void show_list(List *list) { //step 1:指針p指向單鏈表的第一個結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *p = list->first->next; //step 2:循環(huán)打印結(jié)點(diǎn)的信息 while (p != NULL) { printf("%d->", p->data); p = p->next; } printf("Nul.\n"); } void pop_back(List *list) { //step 1:判斷單鏈表是否為空 if (list->size == 0) return; //step 2:定義指針p使其指向目標(biāo)結(jié)點(diǎn)的前一個結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *p = list->first;//從頭結(jié)點(diǎn)開始 while (p->next != list->last) p = p->next; //step 3:刪除目標(biāo)結(jié)點(diǎn) free(list->last); list->last = p; list->last->next = NULL; //step 4:更新單鏈表的長度 list->size--; } void pop_front(List *list) { //step 1:判斷單鏈表是否為空 if (list->size == 0) return; //step 2:定義指針p使其指向目標(biāo)結(jié)點(diǎn)的前一個結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *p = list->first->next; //step 3:刪除目標(biāo)結(jié)點(diǎn) list->first->next = p->next; free(p); //step 4:判斷刪除的結(jié)點(diǎn)是否是單鏈表的最后一個結(jié)點(diǎn),若是則更新單鏈表的尾指針 if (list->size == 1) list->last = list->first; //step 4:更新單鏈表的長度 list->size--; } //insert_val的優(yōu)化 void insert_val(List *list, ElemType x) { //step 1:創(chuàng)建一個新的結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *s = CreateNode(x); //step 2:定義指針p使其指向待插入位置的前一個結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *p = list->first;//從頭結(jié)點(diǎn)開始 while (p->next != NULL && p->next->data < s->data) p = p->next; //step 3:判斷結(jié)點(diǎn)的待插入位置是否是表尾,若是則更新單鏈表的尾指針 if (p->next == NULL) list->last = s; //step 4:插入結(jié)點(diǎn) s->next = p->next; p->next = s; //step 5:更新單鏈表長度 list->size++; } Node* find(List *list, ElemType x) { //step 1:指針p指向單鏈表的第一個結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *p = list->first->next; //step 2:按照循環(huán)順序查找鏈表結(jié)點(diǎn) while (p != NULL && p->data != x) p = p->next; return p; } int length(List *list) { return list->size; } void delete_val(List *list, ElemType x) { //step 1:判斷單鏈表是否為空 if (list->size == 0) return; //step 2:確定結(jié)點(diǎn)在單鏈表中的位置,并判斷其是否存在于單鏈表中 Node *p = find(list, x); if (p == NULL) { printf("要刪除的數(shù)據(jù)不存在!\n"); return; } //step 3:判斷結(jié)點(diǎn)位置是否是表尾 if (p == list->last)//是表尾 pop_back(list); else {//不是表尾 Node *q = p->next; p->data = q->data; p->next = q->next; free(q); list->size--; } } void sort(List *list) { //step 1:判斷單鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)是否為0或1 if (list->size == 0 || list->size == 1) return; //step 2:將單鏈表中第一個結(jié)點(diǎn)之后的鏈表部分截出,方便重新按順序插入鏈表之中 Node *s = list->first->next; // 指針s指向單鏈表的第一個節(jié)點(diǎn) Node *p = s->next;//q指向s后面的結(jié)點(diǎn) list->last = s;//單鏈表的尾指針指向單鏈表的第一個結(jié)點(diǎn) list->last->next = NULL;//截斷鏈表 //step 3:將截出的鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)根據(jù)其數(shù)據(jù)域大小重新插入到原來鏈表中 while (p != NULL) { s = p; p = p->next; Node *q = list->first; while (q->next != NULL && q->next->data < s->data) q = q->next; if (q->next == NULL)//判斷q此時指向的是否是單鏈表的最后一個結(jié)點(diǎn),若是則更新鏈表的尾指針 list->last = s; //將結(jié)點(diǎn)重新插入鏈表 s->next = q->next; q->next = s; } } void reverse(List *list) { //step 1:判斷單鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)是否為0或1 if (list->size == 0 || list->size == 1) return; //step 2:將單鏈表中第一個結(jié)點(diǎn)之后的鏈表部分截出,然后將截出的鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)按頭插法重新插入到原鏈表中 Node *p = list->first->next; Node *q = p->next; list->last = p; list->last->next = NULL; while (q != NULL) { p = q; q = q->next; p->next = list->first->next; list->first->next = p; } } void clear(List *list) { //step 1:判斷單鏈表是否為空 if (list->size == 0) return; //step 2:釋放單鏈表中的每一個結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *p = list->first->next; while (p != NULL) { list->first->next = p->next; free(p); p = list->first->next; } //step 3:頭指針和尾指針重新都指向頭結(jié)點(diǎn) list->last = list->first; //step 4:更新鏈表長度 list->size = 0; } void destroy(List *list) { //step 1:清空單鏈表 clear(list); //step 2:釋放頭結(jié)點(diǎn) free(list->first); //step 3:頭指針和尾指針都賦值為空 list->first = list->last = NULL; } //優(yōu)化 Node* CreateNode(ElemType x) { Node *s = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); assert(s != NULL); s->data = x; s->next = NULL; return s; } Node* begin(List *list) { return list->first->next; } Node* end(List *list) { return list->last->next; } void insert(List *list, Node *pos, ElemType x) { //step 1:創(chuàng)建一個新的結(jié)點(diǎn) Node *s = CreateNode(x); //step 2:確定帶插入位置 Node *p = list->first; while (p->next != pos) p = p->next; //step 3:插入結(jié)點(diǎn) s->next = p->next; p->next = s; //step 4:判斷結(jié)點(diǎn)是否插入到鏈表的表尾,若是則更新單鏈表的表尾指針 if (pos == NULL) list->last = s; //step 5:更新單鏈表長度 list->size++; }
main.cpp
#include"slist.h" void main() { List mylist; InitList(&mylist); ElemType item; Node *p = NULL; int select = 1; while (select) { printf("*******************************************\n"); printf("*[1] push_back [2] push_front *\n"); printf("*[3] show_list [4] pop_back *\n"); printf("*[5] pop_front [6] insert_val *\n"); printf("*[7] find [8] length *\n"); printf("*[9] delete_val [10] sort *\n"); printf("*[11] reverse [12] clear *\n"); printf("*[13*] destroy [0] quit_system *\n"); printf("*******************************************\n"); printf("請選擇:>>"); scanf("%d", &select); if (select == 0) break; switch (select) { case 1: printf("請輸入要插入的數(shù)據(jù)(-1結(jié)束):>"); while (scanf("%d", &item), item != -1) { push_back(&mylist, item); } break; case 2: printf("請輸入要插入的數(shù)據(jù)(-1結(jié)束):>"); while (scanf("%d", &item), item != -1) { push_front(&mylist, item); } break; case 3: show_list(&mylist); break; case 4: pop_back(&mylist); break; case 5: pop_front(&mylist); break; case 6: printf("請輸入要插入的數(shù)據(jù):>"); scanf("%d", &item); insert_val(&mylist, item); break; case 7: printf("請輸入要查找的數(shù)據(jù):>"); scanf("%d", &item); p = find(&mylist, item); if (p == NULL) printf("要查找的數(shù)據(jù)在單鏈表中不存在!\n"); break; case 8: printf("單鏈表的長度為%d\n", length(&mylist)); break; case 9: printf("請輸入要刪除的值:>"); scanf("%d", &item); delete_val(&mylist, item); break; case 10: sort(&mylist); break; case 11: reverse(&mylist); break; case 12: clear(&mylist); break; //case 13: //destroy(&mylist); //break; default: printf("選擇錯誤,請重新選擇!\n"); break; } } destroy(&mylist); //程序結(jié)束,摧毀鏈表 }
希望本文所述對大家C語言程序設(shè)計有所幫助。
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