淺談SpringCloud實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單的微服務(wù)架構(gòu)

更新時(shí)間：2018年01月10日 14:25:01 作者：lynnlovemin

Spring Cloud是一系列框架的有序集合，本文就使用SpringCloud實(shí)現(xiàn)一套簡(jiǎn)單的微服務(wù)架構(gòu)，具有一定的參考價(jià)值，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下

Spring Cloud是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用Spring Boot的開發(fā)便利性巧妙地簡(jiǎn)化了分布式系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的開發(fā)，如服務(wù)發(fā)現(xiàn)注冊(cè)、配置中心、消息總線、負(fù)載均衡、斷路器、數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)控等，都可以用Spring Boot的開發(fā)風(fēng)格做到一鍵啟動(dòng)和部署。Spring并沒(méi)有重復(fù)制造輪子，它只是將目前各家公司開發(fā)的比較成熟、經(jīng)得起實(shí)際考驗(yàn)的服務(wù)框架組合起來(lái)，通過(guò)Spring Boot風(fēng)格進(jìn)行再封裝屏蔽掉了復(fù)雜的配置和實(shí)現(xiàn)原理，最終給開發(fā)者留出了一套簡(jiǎn)單易懂、易部署和易維護(hù)的分布式系統(tǒng)開發(fā)工具包。

接下來(lái)我們就使用SpringCloud實(shí)現(xiàn)一套簡(jiǎn)單的微服務(wù)架構(gòu)。

以下所有代碼都已開源到github上了，地址：https://github.com/lynnlovemin/softservice

Eureka(服務(wù)注冊(cè)與發(fā)現(xiàn))

首先引入相關(guān)的依賴包

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>spring-milestones</id>
      <name>Spring Milestones</name>
      <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
    </repository>
  </repositories>

配置application.yml

server:
 port: 8761
eureka:
 instance:
  hostname: localhost
 client:
  registerWithEureka: false
  fetchRegistry: false
  serviceUrl:
   defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

創(chuàng)建啟動(dòng)類Application

@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
  }
}

運(yùn)行main方法，瀏覽器訪問(wèn)：http://localhost:8761，我們就能在瀏覽器看到如下界面：

說(shuō)明eureka啟動(dòng)成功。

接下來(lái)，我們實(shí)現(xiàn)負(fù)債均衡、斷路器、網(wǎng)關(guān)、客戶端，所有的服務(wù)都應(yīng)該注冊(cè)到eureka中，并且訪問(wèn)eureka就能看到所有注冊(cè)的服務(wù)

client(客戶端)

pom.xml

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>spring-milestones</id>
      <name>Spring Milestones</name>
      <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
    </repository>
  </repositories>

application.yml

eureka:
 client:
  serviceUrl:
   defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ #這里注冊(cè)到eureka中
server:
 port: 8763
spring:
 application:
  name: service-hi

Application類

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@RestController
public class Application {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(Applicatioin.class, args);
  }

  @Value("${server.port}")
  String port;
  //這里我們提供一個(gè)接口
  @RequestMapping("/hi")
  public String home(@RequestParam String name) {
    return "hi "+name+",i am from port:" +port;
  }
}

Feign(負(fù)債均衡、斷路器)

pom.xml

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>spring-milestones</id>
      <name>Spring Milestones</name>
      <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
    </repository>
  </repositories>

application.yml

eureka:
 client:
  serviceUrl:
   defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
 port: 8765
spring:
 application:
  name: service-feign
feign:
 hystrix:
  enabled: true

Application類

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrixDashboard
public class Application {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
  }
}

然后再提供一個(gè)service，他的作用就是做負(fù)債均衡和斷路器功能

@FeignClient(value = "service-hi",fallback = SchedualServiceHiHystric.class)
public interface SchedualServiceHi {
  @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
  String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}

@Component
public class SchedualServiceHiHystric implements SchedualServiceHi {
  @Override
  public String sayHiFromClientOne(String name) {
    return "sorry "+name;
  }
}

FeignClient我們指定之前創(chuàng)建client時(shí)指定的name:service-hi,fallback指定服務(wù)不可用時(shí)的返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)，這樣我們啟動(dòng)多個(gè)client時(shí)就可以看到http請(qǐng)求時(shí)會(huì)交替訪問(wèn)不同的feign端口，當(dāng)停掉clien時(shí)再訪問(wèn)接口會(huì)返回錯(cuò)誤信息。

zuul(服務(wù)網(wǎng)關(guān))

在一般情況下，我們不會(huì)直接暴露客戶端給外部，而是通過(guò)服務(wù)網(wǎng)關(guān)來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，內(nèi)部服務(wù)都是在局域網(wǎng)內(nèi)通信，外部訪問(wèn)不了，通過(guò)服務(wù)網(wǎng)關(guān)，我們還可以統(tǒng)一做接口的安全性校驗(yàn)，統(tǒng)一攔截，請(qǐng)看代碼：

pom.xml

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>spring-milestones</id>
      <name>Spring Milestones</name>
      <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
    </repository>

application.yml

eureka:
 client:
  serviceUrl:
   defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
 port: 8080
spring:
 application:
  name: service-zuul
zuul:
 routes:
  api-b:
   path: /api/**
   serviceId: service-feign #凡是以api開始的請(qǐng)求都訪問(wèn)service-feign服務(wù)

Application類

@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
  }
}

啟動(dòng)Application，訪問(wèn)：http://localhost:8080/api/hi，就能訪問(wèn)到之前我們定義的接口，接下來(lái)我們做接口的攔截：

/**
 * filterType：返回一個(gè)字符串代表過(guò)濾器的類型，在zuul中定義了四種不同生命周期的過(guò)濾器類型，具體如下：
 pre：路由之前
 routing：路由之時(shí)
 post： 路由之后
 error：發(fā)送錯(cuò)誤調(diào)用
 filterOrder：過(guò)濾的順序
 shouldFilter：這里可以寫邏輯判斷，是否要過(guò)濾，本文true,永遠(yuǎn)過(guò)濾。
 run：過(guò)濾器的具體邏輯。可用很復(fù)雜，包括查sql，nosql去判斷該請(qǐng)求到底有沒(méi)有權(quán)限訪問(wèn)。
 */
@Component
public class MyFilter extends ZuulFilter{

  private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyFilter.class);
  @Override
  public String filterType() {
    return "pre";
  }

  @Override
  public int filterOrder() {
    return 0;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean shouldFilter() {
    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public Object run() {
    RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
    HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
    log.info(String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString()));
    Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token");
    if(accessToken == null) {
      log.warn("token is empty");
      ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
      ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
      try {
        ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty");
      }catch (Exception e){}

      return null;
    }
    log.info("ok");
    return null;
  }
}

這樣我們?cè)谡{(diào)用接口前會(huì)先執(zhí)行MyFilter類中的run方法，在這個(gè)方法里可以做一系列安全驗(yàn)證，比如token。

好了，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的微服務(wù)架構(gòu)就已經(jīng)搭建完成了。

以上所有代碼都已開源到github上了，地址：https://github.com/lynnlovemin/softservice

以上所述是小編給大家介紹的SpringCloud實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單的微服務(wù)架構(gòu)，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問(wèn)請(qǐng)給我留言，小編會(huì)及時(shí)回復(fù)

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