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nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后加不加/的區(qū)別介紹

更新時(shí)間：2017年11月03日 12:04:36 作者：散盡浮華

這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后加不加/的區(qū)別，文中通過(guò)示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來(lái)一起學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧。

前言

nginx作為web服務(wù)器一個(gè)重要的功能就是反向代理。nginx反向代理的指令不需要新增額外的模塊，默認(rèn)自帶proxy_pass指令，只需要修改配置文件就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)反向代理。

而在日常的web網(wǎng)站部署中，經(jīng)常會(huì)用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理，有一個(gè)配置需要弄清楚：配置proxy_pass時(shí)，當(dāng)在后面的url加上了/，相當(dāng)于是絕對(duì)根路徑，則nginx不會(huì)把location中匹配的路徑部分代理走;如果沒(méi)有/，則會(huì)把匹配的路徑部分也給代理走（這樣配置可以參考這篇文章）。

下面舉個(gè)小實(shí)例說(shuō)明下：

centos7系統(tǒng)庫(kù)中默認(rèn)是沒(méi)有nginx的rpm包的，所以我們自己需要先更新下rpm依賴(lài)庫(kù)

1）使用yum安裝nginx需要包括Nginx的庫(kù)，安裝Nginx的庫(kù)

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

2）使用下面命令安裝nginx

[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx

3）nginx配置

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
}
 
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is page of test!!!!

4）啟動(dòng)Nginx

[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service

5）測(cè)試訪(fǎng)問(wèn)（103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23機(jī)器的外網(wǎng)ip）

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23
this is page of test!!!!

看看下面幾種情況：分別用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html進(jìn)行訪(fǎng)問(wèn)測(cè)試

為了方便測(cè)試，先在另一臺(tái)機(jī)器192.168.1.5上部署一個(gè)8090端口的nginx，配置如下：

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

測(cè)試訪(fǎng)問(wèn)（103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外網(wǎng)ip）：

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# curl http://192.168.1.5:8090
this is 192.168.1.5

192.168.1.23作為nginx反向代理機(jī)器，nginx配置如下：

1）第一種情況：

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy/ {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}

這樣，訪(fǎng)問(wèn)http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就會(huì)被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目錄不需要存在根目錄/var/www/html里面

注意，終端里如果訪(fǎng)問(wèn)http://192.168.1.23/proxy（即后面不帶"/"），則會(huì)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)失敗！因?yàn)閜roxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy
<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.10.3</center>
</body>
</html>

頁(yè)面訪(fǎng)問(wèn)http://103.110.186.23/proxy的時(shí)候，會(huì)自動(dòng)加上"/”（同理是由于proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"），并反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的結(jié)果

2）第二種情況，proxy_pass配置的url后面不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy/ {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

那么訪(fǎng)問(wèn)http://192.168.1.23/proxy或http://192.168.1.23/proxy/，都會(huì)失??！

這樣配置后，訪(fǎng)問(wèn)http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就會(huì)被反向代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/

3）第三種情況

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy/ {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
192.168.1.5 haha-index.html

這樣配置的話(huà)，訪(fǎng)問(wèn)http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

4）第四種情況：相對(duì)于第三種配置的url不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy/ {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html

上面配置后，訪(fǎng)問(wèn)http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html就會(huì)被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahaindex.html
同理，訪(fǎng)問(wèn)http://192.168.1.23/proxy/test.html就會(huì)被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahatest.html

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html

注意，這種情況下，不能直接訪(fǎng)問(wèn)http://192.168.1.23/proxy/，后面就算是默認(rèn)的index.html文件也要跟上，否則訪(fǎng)問(wèn)失??！

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
上面四種方式都是匹配的path路徑后面加"/"，下面說(shuō)下path路徑后面不帶"/"的情況：

1）第一種情況，proxy_pass后面url帶"/"：

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

2）第二種情況，proxy_pass后面url不帶"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]#

這樣配置的話(huà)，訪(fǎng)問(wèn)http://103.110.186.23/proxy會(huì)自動(dòng)加上"/”（即變成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/），代理到192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/

3）第三種情況

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

這樣配置的話(huà)，訪(fǎng)問(wèn)http://103.110.186.23/proxy會(huì)自動(dòng)加上"/”（即變成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/），代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

4）第四種情況：相對(duì)于第三種配置的url不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service