python操作mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫
一、數(shù)據(jù)庫基本操作
1. 想允許在數(shù)據(jù)庫寫中文,可在創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫時用下面命令
create database zcl charset utf8;
2. 查看students表結構
desc students;
3. 查看創(chuàng)建students表結構的語句
show create table students;
4. 刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫
drop database zcl;
5. 創(chuàng)建一個新的字段
alter table students add column nal char(64);
PS: 本人是很討厭上面這種“簡單解釋+代碼”的博客。其實我當時在mysql終端寫了很多的實例,不過因為當時電腦運行一個看視頻的軟件,導致我無法Ctrl+C/V?,F(xiàn)在懶了哈哈~~
二、python連接數(shù)據(jù)庫
python3不再支持mysqldb。其替代模塊是PyMySQL。本文的例子是在python3.4環(huán)境。
1. 安裝pymysql模塊
pip3 install pymysql
2. 連接數(shù)據(jù)庫,插入數(shù)據(jù)實例
import pymysql #生成實例,連接數(shù)據(jù)庫zcl conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='zcl') #生成游標,當前實例所處狀態(tài) cur = conn.cursor() #插入數(shù)據(jù) reCount = cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)',('Jack','man',25,1351234,"CN")) reCount = cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)',('Mary','female',18,1341234,"USA")) conn.commit() #實例提交命令 cur.close() conn.close() print(reCount)
查看結果:
mysql> select* from students; +----+------+-----+-----+-------------+------+ | id | name | sex | age | tel | nal | +----+------+-----+-----+-------------+------+ | 1 | zcl | man | 22 | 15622341234 | NULL | | 2 | alex | man | 30 | 15622341235 | NULL | +----+------+-----+-----+-------------+------+ rows in set
3. 獲取數(shù)據(jù)
import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='zcl') cur = conn.cursor() reCount = cur.execute('select* from students') res = cur.fetchone() #獲取一條數(shù)據(jù) res2 = cur.fetchmany(3) #獲取3條數(shù)據(jù) res3 = cur.fetchall() #獲取所有(元組格式) print(res) print(res2) print(res3) conn.commit() cur.close() conn.close()
輸出:
(1, 'zcl', 'man', 22, '15622341234', None) ((2, 'alex', 'man', 30, '15622341235', None), (5, 'Jack', 'man', 25, '1351234', 'CN'), (6, 'Mary', 'female', 18, '1341234', 'USA')) ()
三、事務回滾
事務回滾是在數(shù)據(jù)寫到數(shù)據(jù)庫前執(zhí)行的,因此事務回滾conn.rollback()要在實例提交命令conn.commit()之前。只要數(shù)據(jù)未提交就可以回滾,但回滾后ID卻是自增的。請看下面的例子:
插入3條數(shù)據(jù)(注意事務回滾):
import pymysql #連接數(shù)據(jù)庫zcl conn=pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='zcl') #生成游標,當前實例所處狀態(tài) cur=conn.cursor() #插入數(shù)據(jù) reCount=cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)', ('Jack', 'man', 25, 1351234, "CN")) reCount=cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)', ('Jack2', 'man', 25, 1351234, "CN")) reCount=cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)', ('Mary', 'female', 18, 1341234, "USA")) conn.rollback() #事務回滾 conn.commit() #實例提交命令 cur.close() conn.close() print(reCount)
未執(zhí)行命令前與執(zhí)行命令后(包含回滾操作)(注意ID號): 未執(zhí)行上面代碼與執(zhí)行上面代碼的結果是一樣的!!因為事務已經(jīng)回滾,故students表不會增加數(shù)據(jù)!
mysql> select* from students; +----+------+--------+-----+-------------+------+ | id | name | sex | age | tel | nal | +----+------+--------+-----+-------------+------+ | 1 | zcl | man | 22 | 15622341234 | NULL | | 2 | alex | man | 30 | 15622341235 | NULL | | 5 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN | | 6 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA | +----+------+--------+-----+-------------+------+ rows in set
執(zhí)行命令后(不包含回滾操作):只需將上面第11行代碼注釋。
mysql> select* from students; +----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+ | id | name | sex | age | tel | nal | +----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+ | 1 | zcl | man | 22 | 15622341234 | NULL | | 2 | alex | man | 30 | 15622341235 | NULL | | 5 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN | | 6 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA | | 10 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN | | 11 | Jack2 | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN | | 12 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA | +----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+ rows in set
總結:雖然事務回滾了,但ID還是自增了,不會因回滾而取消,但這不影響數(shù)據(jù)的一致性(底層的原理我不清楚~)
四、批量插入數(shù)據(jù)
import pymysql #連接數(shù)據(jù)庫zcl conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='zcl') #生成游標,當前實例所處狀態(tài) cur = conn.cursor() li = [ ("cjy","man",18,1562234,"USA"), ("cjy2","man",18,1562235,"USA"), ("cjy3","man",18,1562235,"USA"), ("cjy4","man",18,1562235,"USA"), ("cjy5","man",18,1562235,"USA"), ] #插入數(shù)據(jù) reCount = cur.executemany('insert into students(name,sex,age,tel,nal) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)', li) #conn.rollback() #事務回滾 conn.commit() #實例提交命令 cur.close() conn.close() print(reCount)
pycharm下輸出: 5
mysql終端顯示:
mysql> select* from students; #插入數(shù)據(jù)前 +----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+ | id | name | sex | age | tel | nal | +----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+ | 1 | zcl | man | 22 | 15622341234 | NULL | | 2 | alex | man | 30 | 15622341235 | NULL | | 5 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN | | 6 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA | | 10 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN | | 11 | Jack2 | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN | | 12 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA | +----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+ rows in set mysql> mysql> select* from students; #插入數(shù)據(jù)后 +----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+ | id | name | sex | age | tel | nal | +----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+ | 1 | zcl | man | 22 | 15622341234 | NULL | | 2 | alex | man | 30 | 15622341235 | NULL | | 5 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN | | 6 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA | | 10 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN | | 11 | Jack2 | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN | | 12 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA | | 13 | cjy | man | 18 | 1562234 | USA | | 14 | cjy2 | man | 18 | 1562235 | USA | | 15 | cjy3 | man | 18 | 1562235 | USA | | 16 | cjy4 | man | 18 | 1562235 | USA | | 17 | cjy5 | man | 18 | 1562235 | USA | +----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+ rows in set
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