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Angular路由簡單學(xué)習(xí)

更新時間：2016年12月26日 15:15:45 作者：小謝53

這篇文章主要和大家一起學(xué)習(xí)Angular路由，介紹angular的$route的相關(guān)資料，具有一定的參考價值，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下

現(xiàn)在非常流行單頁面應(yīng)用，傳統(tǒng)都是通過ajax請求數(shù)據(jù)，前端拿到數(shù)據(jù)渲染到頁面，這種無刷新的視圖切換非常棒！但是致命的缺點就是刷新後無法保持原來的視圖，解決此問題的一個方法是使用 hash，監(jiān)聽hashchange事件來進行視圖切換，另一個方法是用HTML5的history API，通過pushState()記錄操作歷史，監(jiān)聽popstate事件來進行視圖切換，也有人把這叫pjax技術(shù)。

現(xiàn)在開始介紹angular的$route！

 <!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 
<title>$route</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div ng-controller="Aaa">
 <a href="#aaa">首頁</a>
 <a href="#bbb">內(nèi)容</a>
 <a href="#ccc">標題</a>
 <div ng-view></div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript">

var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);

m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){
 $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{
  template : '<h1>AAA</h1>'
 }).when('/bbb',{
  template : '<h1>BBB</h1>'
 }).when('/ccc',{
  template : '<h1>CCC</h1>'
 }).otherwise({ //默認哈希值，哈希值出現(xiàn)錯誤也可以執(zhí)行
  redirectTo : '/aaa'
 });
}]);
m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){

}]);
</script>
</body>
</html>

上面的例子很簡單，除了用template之外還可以用templateUrl引入html的模板文件。

在when傳入控制器的指向，實現(xiàn)不同的頁面顯示不同的數(shù)據(jù)。

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 
<title>$route</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div ng-controller="Aaa">
 <a href="#aaa">首頁</a>
 <a href="#bbb">內(nèi)容</a>
 <a href="#ccc">標題</a>
 <div ng-view></div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript">

var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);

m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){
 $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{
  template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Aaa' //控制器指向
 }).when('/bbb',{
  template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Bbb'
 }).when('/ccc',{
  template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Ccc'
 }).otherwise({
  redirectTo : '/aaa'
 });
}]);
m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa';
}]);
m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb';
}]);
m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc';
}]);

</script>
</body>
</html>

以事件的方式映射路由頁面。

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 
<title>$route</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div ng-controller="Aaa">
 <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa')">首頁</a>
 <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('bbb')">內(nèi)容</a>
 <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('ccc')">標題</a>
 <div ng-view></div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript">

var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);

m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){
 $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{
  template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Aaa' //控制器指向
 }).when('/bbb',{
  template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Bbb'
 }).when('/ccc',{
  template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Ccc'
 }).otherwise({
  redirectTo : '/aaa'
 });
}]);
m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope','$location',function($scope,$location){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa';
 $scope.$location = $location;
}]);
m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb';
}]);
m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc';
}]);

</script>
</body>
</html>

項目更復(fù)雜，頁面相同(首頁&index)，數(shù)據(jù)不同，需要對url進行傳參。

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 
<title>$route</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div ng-controller="Aaa">
 <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa/123')">首頁</a>
 <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('bbb')">內(nèi)容</a>
 <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('ccc')">標題</a>
 <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa/456')">index</a>
 <div ng-view></div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript">

var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);
m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){
 $routeProvider.when('/aaa/:num',{
  template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Aaa'
 }).when('/bbb',{
  template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Bbb'
 }).when('/ccc',{
  template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Ccc'
 }).otherwise({
  redirectTo : '/aaa/:num'
 });
}]);

m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope','$location','$routeParams',function($scope,$location,$routeParams){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa';
 $scope.$location = $location;
 console.log($routeParams); //不同的數(shù)據(jù)
}]);
m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb';
}]);
m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc';
}]);
</script>
</body>
</html>

路由的事件監(jiān)聽。

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 
<title>$route</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div ng-controller="Aaa">
 <a href="#aaa">首頁</a>
 <a href="#bbb">內(nèi)容</a>
 <a href="#ccc">標題</a>
 <div ng-view></div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript">

var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);

m1.run(['$rootScope',function($rootScope){
 //路由切換之前觸發(fā)的事件
 $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart',function(event,current,pre){
  console.log(event);  //事件對象
  console.log(current); //路徑對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)值
  console.log(pre);  //上一個路徑
 });
}]);

m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){
 $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{
  template : '<h1>AAA</h1>'
  //templateUrl : 'temp.html'
 }).when('/bbb',{
  template : '<h1>BBB</h1>'
 }).when('/ccc',{
  template : '<h1>CCC</h1>'
 }).otherwise({ //默認哈希值，哈希值出現(xiàn)錯誤也可以執(zhí)行
  redirectTo : '/aaa'
 });
}]);
m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){

}]);

</script>
</body>
</html>

補充：angular事件的傳播機制。

<div ng-controller="Aaa">
 {{count}}
 <div ng-controller="Aaa" ng-click="$emit('myEvent')">
  {{count}}
  <div ng-controller="Aaa">
   {{count}}
  </div>
 </div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var m1 = angular.module('myApp',[]);

m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){
 $scope.count = 0;
 $scope.$on('myEvent',function(e){
  //console.log(e.targetScope);  //當前的
  //console.log(e.currentScope); //目標的
  //console.log(e.name);   //事件名
  //e.stopPropagation();   //阻止冒泡
  $scope.count++;
 });
}]);
</script>

前面嵌套了三個controller，我們在中間的controller上綁定了click事件，使用$emit點擊的時候，上面的controller也會觸發(fā)事件。